1- A researcher compares a certain group of people with a disease to another group of people without that disease. What is the type of this study and what is the ratio associated with it? The study is case-control study and the ratio is Odds ratio (OR). Patients with lung cancer had higher odds of … Read more
A 37 year-old man visits his physician with complaints of sore throat, fever and muscle aches for 4 days. Throat swab is negative. His physician discussed with him the use of antibiotics in his case. The patient had read in an old magazine that one of the antibiotics is effective but the his physician explains … Read more
A 70-year-old man visits his physician for a routine physical examination. He has prostatic cancer and takes leuprolide for treatment. What is the mechanism of action of this drug? A- It is a competitive inhibitor of testosterone B- It is 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor C- It is synthetic analog of GnRH D- It is an alpha-adrenergic … Read more
A 20-year-old female student presents with a 1-week history of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. She returned 2 weeks ago from a trip to Guatemala. On physical examination, her temperature was 100.3°F, clear chest, and she had mild jaundice and a palpable, tender liver. Her CBC was normal, and her liver function tests are as follows: … Read more
A 64-year-old woman complains of low back pain for 1 week. Her pain and tenderness is localized over the lumbar spine and exaggerated by movement. Her physician prescribes a phosphonate drug. What is the mechanism of action of this drug for this patient? A- Decrease osteoclast activity B- Increase osteoblast activity C- Decrease parathormone activity D- Increase vitamin D … Read more
A 56-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes presents to his physician for a follow-up. He complains of recurrent hypoglycemic reactions to his medications. Which of these medications is most likely responsible for this patient’s hypoglycemic reactions? A- Glyburide B- Glucagon C- Metformin D- Acarbose E- Rosiglitazone Answer: The only medication of the … Read more