A 54 year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism, hypertension, depression and joint pains develops fatigue, facial rash, headaches, dizziness, confusion, diarrhea and personality changes. She takes levothyroxine, hydralazine, amitriptyline and ibuprofen. Which of these drugs is most likely responsible for this patient new symptom? A- Levothyroxine B- Hydralazine C- Amitriptyline D- Ibuprofen Answer: This … Read more
A 4 year old girl is brought to the clinic by her mother complaining of fever and abdominal pain since yesterday. Today, she looks uncomfortable during micturition. On examination, her temperature is 99.4, her pulse is 100/min. and her suprapubic area is soft and tender. Her blood analysis shows increased neutrophils. Her urinalysis is positive … Read more
A 37 year-old man visits his physician with complaints of sore throat, fever and muscle aches for 4 days. Throat swab is negative. His physician discussed with him the use of antibiotics in his case. The patient had read in an old magazine that one of the antibiotics is effective but the his physician explains … Read more
A 70-year-old man visits his physician for a routine physical examination. He has prostatic cancer and takes leuprolide for treatment. What is the mechanism of action of this drug? A- It is a competitive inhibitor of testosterone B- It is 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor C- It is synthetic analog of GnRH D- It is an alpha-adrenergic … Read more
A 46 year old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presents to the clinic for follow up. She takes prednisone daily for 3 months. Her condition is stable and she has no complaints since her last visit 3 months ago. She smokes a pack of cigarette daily for 15 years. She said that she is not … Read more
A 23-year-old woman represents to her physician with ptosis, meiosis and anhidrosis in the left eye. Which one of the following drugs is used to determine whether this lesion is preganglionic or postganglionic? A-Albuterol B-Atenolol C-Cocaine D-Epinephrine E-Phenylephrine Answer: This is a typical case of Horner’s syndrome. Indirect sympathomimetic drugs such as cocaine act on … Read more