A 68-year-old woman presents to her physician with a complaint of urinary incontinence. She is a nursing home resident and her staff tells you that the patient feels desire to void but she cannot hold it to the restroom. She has no pain, dysuria or hematuria. She has a long history of hypertension and she … Read more
While you were conducting the morning round in internal medicine department, one of the patients told you that the nurses are insensitive and irresponsible. You asked him for the reason. He said: “they are not good as doctors”. All doctors I’d seen here are sensitive and responsible. Which of these is the most likely defense … Read more
A 54 year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism, hypertension, depression and joint pains develops fatigue, facial rash, headaches, dizziness, confusion, diarrhea and personality changes. She takes levothyroxine, hydralazine, amitriptyline and ibuprofen. Which of these drugs is most likely responsible for this patient new symptom? A- Levothyroxine B- Hydralazine C- Amitriptyline D- Ibuprofen Answer: This … Read more
A 4 year old girl is brought to the clinic by her mother complaining of fever and abdominal pain since yesterday. Today, she looks uncomfortable during micturition. On examination, her temperature is 99.4, her pulse is 100/min. and her suprapubic area is soft and tender. Her blood analysis shows increased neutrophils. Her urinalysis is positive … Read more
Ligamentum venosum separates the caudate lobe and the left lobe of the liver. It is formed by the closure of fetal ductus venosus right after birth. What is the function of ductus venosus before birth? A- Carries blood to the fetus from the placenta B- Carries blood to the placenta from the fetus C- Connects … Read more
Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic process in which glucose is generated from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. Which one of the following substrates does NOT share its carbon in glucose skeleton but rather contributes as an energy source for gluconeogenesis? A- Acetyl CoA B- Alpha-ketoglutarate C- Fumarate D- Oxaloacetate E- Succinyl CoA Answer: Acetyl CoA is an energy … Read more